Nearly one hundred years ago, when Uranus was discovered by William Herschel, a number of Astrologers in England and other parts of the world, allotted Capricorn for Uranus's signs, and let Saturn only have the sign Aquarius for its sign. But afterwards the Astrologers changed it about and gave Uranus the sign Aquarius, and Saturn the sign Capricorn ... it is not advisable to be re-arranging the signs and planets, every time a new planet is discovered.

Discussion is made of the influence of Luke D. Broughton (1828-1899) which extended via students such as William H. Chaney (1821-1903), Catherine Thompson (1858-1934) and John Hazelrigg (1860-1941), founder of the American Society of Astrologians, and students of theirs, including Evangeline Adams (1868-1932) and others. Many of the founders of the American Federation of Astrologers, such as Elizabeth Aldrich and Robert DeLuce followed the parameters laid down by Broughton, in most cases with little, if any, modification. [Marc Edmund] Jones regarded this kind of astrology as degenerate fortune telling and set out to reform it.

I don't mean to be following you around and snapping at your heels, but could you please let us know where Mr. Zoller wrote that? It's useful (and necessary) information.

Luke Dennis Broughton, the leading astrologer in the United States during the last decades of the nineteenth century, was born April 20, 1828, in Leeds, England, and grew up in an astrologically-oriented family. His grandfather had become a devotee of the stars after reading the Complete Herbal, a medical astrology text by Nicolas Culpepper and one of the few astrological texts to have survived the combined attack of Protestantism and the Enlightenment in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The elder Broughton inspired interest in astrology in his physician son and through him to Luke Broughton and his brothers. Luke Broughton's older brother Mark became the leader of an astrological society in England and then moved to the United States to begin Broughton's Monthly Horoscope in 1849.

Luke Broughton began studying astrology during his teen years, and he moved to the United States in the early 1840s to study natural medicine at the Eclectic Medical College in Philadelphia. He began a public career in 1860 when he revived his brother's periodical as Broughton's Monthly Planet Reader and Astrological Journal (1860-69). After anti-astrology laws were passed in Philadelphia, he moved his medical office to New York City in 1863, his home for the rest of his life. He emphasized astrological medicine and in 1866 began to teach astrology. His initial teaching efforts became the foundation upon which the nation's major astrological center would be built. He developed a distributorship of astrological literature, the great majority of which came from England.

As astrology grew and became the center of renewed controversy, Broughton assumed the dual role of astrology's defender from its enemies and protector from incompetent astrologers. He wrote and at times appeared as a witness in court on astrology's behalf. He also attacked people such as Hiram Butler, Eleanor Kirk, and C. W. Roback, astrologers who, he felt, had insufficient training for their work. At the time of his death in 1898, he left his practice to his daughter, who carried on his work and saw to the publication of his most substantive book, The Elements of Astrology (1898).

Dr. Luke D. Broughton, homeopathic physician and astrologer, and for many years President of the Astrological Society of America, died on Friday at his residence, at 62 South Washington Square. He was born April 20, 1828, in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, and his father and ancestors were all astrologers. He came to this country when young and settled in Philadelphia, where he studied medicine and took his degree. While he did not practice astrology as a profession, he combined astrology with medicine, cast his own horoscope, and the horoscopes of his wife and children and of many prominent men. He died on the day he said he would. He predicted that his eldest son would not survive the year, which happened, and it was on his advice that the young man did not marry. His son John said yesterday that his father had cast the horoscopes of both Grover Cleveland and President McKinley and predicted the election first of the one and then of the other. Many public men, he continued, consulted his father as to whether they should accept nominations or undertake great enterprises and were guided by his advice. He also said that his father was a firm believer in fate, and that the position of the planets and sun at the hour of a person's birth settled his destiny so that nothing could change it. Dr. Broughton donated a library of 14,090 volumes of general reading and had 300 volumes on astrology, many of which were very old and rare. When he came to New York and began lecturing on astrology he encountered great opposition from those who did not believe in that science. He leaves three sons and one daughter. The funeral services will be held at the house this evening.

Martin Gansten wrote:Rob,

No, it isn't. A direction in zodiaco is normally understood to mean a conjunction or zodiacal aspect where neither point has any latitude. Some authors have advocated hybrid forms; E.C. K?hr, for instance, used the mundane position of the significator to determine its Placidean circle of position, but directed the promissor in zodiaco. But before the 15th century, to the best of my knowledge, it was all done in zodiaco. Latitudes were considered in judging the intensity of the effect, but not the timing.

Hi Martin,

There is one thing left I'd like to ask you about hybrid directions.
In a hybrid zodiacal direction we use the latitude of the significator (promissor's is zero), e.g.:
mars(lat=0) -> trigon moon(lat is used)
In this hybrid zodiacal aspectual direction do we need to calculate the mundane position of the aspect point or do we calculate the Moon's aspect place on the eliptic but we use the latitude when projecting the calculated aspect-place to the equator?

In my opinion the first one is correct, but I am not sure.

regards,
rob

There is one thing left I'd like to ask you about hybrid directions.
In a hybrid zodiacal direction we use the latitude of the significator (promissor's is zero), e.g.:
mars(lat=0) -> trigon moon(lat is used)
In this hybrid zodiacal aspectual direction do we need to calculate the mundane position of the aspect point or do we calculate the Moon's aspect place on the eliptic but we use the latitude when projecting the calculated aspect-place to the equator?

Martin Gansten wrote: If the Moon is your significator, in the sense that you wish to determine the effect of a direction on the area of life signified by the Moon, then you need to use the aspect point of Mars, not that of the Moon. So irrespective of the latitude question, you first find the aspect point of Mars, then direct that to the Moon.

If you want to do it the K?hr way, you calculate the Moon's Placidean circle of position (based on the Moon's place with latitude), and then direct all other points including aspects (without latitude) to that circle by oblique ascension.