So does anyone have any experiences of their actual practice of astrology benefitting by the application of a scientifically-informed approach?
Hi Garry,
Yes, my practice of astrology definitely benefits from a scientifically informed approach, and so does my theoretical and philosophical perspective on the subject.
As regards practice, the benefits relate to my understanding of the contexts to which I apply astrological techniques, and how these influence my approach to prediction.
One of the conundrums that astrology presents is that the source from which the symbolism is partly derived is the most reliable, uniform and recurring dynamic feature in our environment. The motions of the planets, etc. are highly predictable and linear over the kinds of time frames which astrologers work within. This is why it is possible to have extremely accurate ephemerides for the whole of the 21st century, for example.
The conundrum arises because the symbols derived from this linear dynamical source are mapped in practice onto dynamically non-linear aspects of reality and experience. Non-linear dynamic systems are often very unpredictable in terms of their behavior, especially (to use some scientific jargon) if they exist in a ?far from equilibrium? state. It is in such a state that self-organization in dynamic systems can emerge. Feedback, buffering, and coupling to environmental variables of one kind or another help to maintain the energy state of the system and its organizational integrity. As life processes tend to occur far from equilibrium, they are generally characterized by a fair degree of unpredictability.
One could enter into a discussion of chaos and complexity theories (complex dynamical systems theory) here, but I won?t. What I will say is that my understanding of these scientific and mathematical models informs my expectations in relation to the making of astrological predictive statements. For one thing, what I attempt to ?see? using astrology is not final outcomes or end states, but how a system is likely to behave from the present state it is in. This contains the presence of the past, and also limits future possibilities.
So for example, there was a time not so long ago when the US was in sabre-rattling mode in relation to Iran. There were Pentagon ?leaks? happening every other week about how the US was going to bomb Iran. At the time, Pluto was conjunct Venus and square Mars by transit in a key Iranian horoscope. Nearly all of the astrologers in the political astrology group I contribute too saw this as a clear sign that Iran would be attacked during a certain time frame. It is easy to understand from a purely astrological point of view why that was the case.
I was predicting that this would not happen, for non-astrological reasons. Firstly, the US couldn?t afford it, and secondly, the public appetite for another war was not there, given what was happening in the unhappy campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. In my view these were ?real world? buffers which would help to maintain the status quo (the organization dynamics of the US-Iran partnership) rather than a change in the direction of war.
I suggested that the Pluto transit to Mars was linked to the transformation of energy policy to include a nuclear option, and possibly the development of a nuclear military capability, rather than the bombing of Iran. I also suggested that the transit of Pluto to the Venus (elevated in the 9th as I recall) implied the power battle going on in the relation ship, but also the likelihood of Iran winning the propaganda war (a simple enough task given who was running the US at the time).
In effect, this scientifically informed approach led me to realize very clearly the importance of the internal and intrinsic dynamics of the context onto which the symbolism was being mapped if one wishes to predict its behavior. This may seem like common sense, but it is surprising the number of astrologers who ignore the obvious, or who are convinced that astrology operates via a ?celestial causes/terrestrial effects? mechanism of some kind. Although astrology can extend the ?range of seeing? by complementing common sense and reason, it can also be used to provide a set of blinkers through which common sense and rational perspectives do not penetrate.
I was quite lucky because I first met the issue of non-linearity in living systems and its implications when I was a student. During the 1960s-70s, the debate was happening in the context of a reductionist philosophical perspective which permeated thinking among many biologists and life scientists. A ?Uranian-style? movement arose to essentially break the reductionist hierarchy which insisted that biological understanding ultimately was reducible to a physics level of explanation. I remember being very influenced by a series of texts edited by Conrad Waddington, entitled ?Towards a Theoretical Biology?, which were produced over two or three years in the late 60s. One of the key points made in these texts was that an organism cannot be understood in isolation from its environment. In other words, you can?t understand much about the nature of rats by killing one and dissecting it. The organism and environment are intimately coupled.
I have often thought that a series entitled ?Towards a Theoretical Astrology? might be useful for the same kinds of reasons ? deconstructing the influential (if often subconscious) notion that astrology can somehow be validated by reducing it to a material scientific level of explanation.
Of course humans are organisms, and thus are intimately coupled with their environment, which includes a celestial dimension. This manifests in terms of physical entrainment (biorhythms, etc.), the link between the seasonal cycle and food availability, and so on. These are topics for scientific exploration and modeling, but I don?t think that have much to do with astrology, or help to explain why garlic is ruled by Mars.
There is a key difference though between humans and other living organisms. Humans are able to generate concepts, which they use to structure their understanding of experience. Human languages are sophisticated enough to communicate and share concepts, thereby establishing conventions and norms within a cultural group. Humans are able to record information, process and disseminate it, etc. Humans use material anchors to off-load the cognitive work involved ? calendars to help remember where we are in time, computers, horoscope systems and so on.
What this means is that instead of just an intimate coupling between humans and the environment on a physical level, there is also a potential coupling on a conceptual level. For example, one might postulate a three-way interaction involving the environment, perceptual experience of that environment, and concepts derived from that perceptual experience. The concepts then modulate the way the environment is perceived, etc..
Anyone who takes an honest look at astrology can see that some of the concepts have a direct phenomenological basis. For example, retrograde motion of the physical planets is a perceptual truth, even though we know it is objectively not real. Yet this perceptual experience assumes symbolic form in astrology?s conceptual system, and carries meaning. It is completely untrue within the conceptual systems which structure scientific understanding.
Until recently, this connection between perception and concepts was not recognized, essentially because it contradicts a well embedded doctrine in western philosophy ? the separation between body (perception) and mind (concepts). This has roots in the Greek philosophical tradition, in which human reason was considered a species-specific faculty that operated outside of sense perception (Plato), and which was attuned to a transcendent Universal Reason. More recently, Ren? Descartes articulated the same idea in a different manner, giving rise to what is commonly called the ?Cartesian divide?.
The branch of science which informs my theoretical position on astrology is the cognitive sciences. It is these which study how we can know anything, where concepts come from, how meaning is transferred through the use of language, and so on.
Obviously, if one does not see astrological processes as an objectively embedded feature of external reality which ?happens at us?, and which exists whether not humans do, then one will find oneself pondering its conceptual structure and asking where it comes from. In the past, an astrologer might have answered ?the transcendent realm of Ideas which humans are uniquely attuned to?, or ?transcendent archetypes as described by C.G.Jung?.
These ideas have a strong presence in modern astrology. However, research in the cognitive sciences threatens to dismantle these notions, which are essentially a consequence of, or the underlying basis for postulating the mind body split. What is emerging is that human embodiment is very significantly involved in determining the forms which human concepts take, whether they are mathematical, scientific, mythological, religious, or astrological. In other words, we can only conceptualize in the ways afforded by our cognitive capacity. We cannot access what is objectively ?out there? in absolute terms, and cannot gain a god?s-eye view of reality. The best we can hope for is a human objectivity, which may not have a lot of relevance for fishes, if they could conceptualize.
In which case, one can begin to speculate on why it makes sense within astrology?s conceptual system that a planetary symbol changes its meaning when it moves from one zodiac sign to another. A cognitive scientist would start talking about the inferential logic associated with the ?container? image schema, (image schemas acts as a foundation for the kind of metaphorical extrapolations evident in the way we speak). Evidence is also mounting to suggest that the way we speak is closely connected to how we think.
For example, in English one might say ?He is in a deep depression?, or ?She is in love?. To cut a long story short, the implications from linguistic analysis seem to show that states are conceptualized as locations. If someone is in a deep depression, it will take a lot of effort to climb out of the depression. This reflects a common conceptual metaphor
To me, this provides a way of thinking about some of the ?absurdities? of astrology?s conceptual system. Because a planetary symbol moves from one location to another location, it changes its state. This is unconsciously recognized as a sensible idea for an astrologer, but not for scientist, who does not conceptualize the container (the zodiac sign) in the first place because it doesn?t exist outside of the astrological conceptual system. Or rather it doesn?t exist within the scientific conceptual system.
Naturally, within cognitive science and philosophy too, there is much argument about these ideas. They are provocative because if the evidence continues to flow in, and perhaps especially if much of it becomes grounded on a neurological level, objectivist philosophy, and also transcendent philosophies, will have to be re-appraised. It is not surprising that a robust defence is being mounted by those who embrace an objectivist perspective.
These ideas, if they become conventional, imply that not only will critiques of astrology from within science become relatively toothless, but ideas which have played a major role in underpinning astrology in the west for a number of centuries, such as Neo-Platonism and more recently Jungian archetypes will be up for reconsideration. The transcendent realm, according to embodied cognitive models, does not exist.
Personally I find this extremely liberating as an astrologer. In both cases, it brings astrology down to earth and makes it human. One can then treat it as such, and acknowledge all the various factors which contribute to its diversity of forms without feeling haunted by transcendent idealism or physical influence models from ?up there?. The diversity reflects astrology?s human roots and the influence of human culture.
One result of this in relation to my own practice is that I trust my judgments and intuitions, because there are no right answers ?out there? or ?up there?. The meaning is not intrinsic to the symbolism. I see what I see using my tools. This is highly subjective and individualistic, but that doesn?t matter. What does matter is the functional value of the way I use the tools and the outcome. I feel no need to argue about the ?correct? zodiac or ayanamsa, or whether or not the Chinese have got it right. The important thing is to develop sufficient skills using the tools one prefers.
In fact, it becomes quite intriguing to speculate on why Chinese astrology is so different from its western counterpart. For example, the emphasis which is placed on the vertical axis, as opposed to that placed on the horizontal axis in western astrology. This is a cultural difference, and evidence from cognitive linguistics hints at the connection between this vertical emphasis and the structure of the Mandarin language, which primarily expresses the conceptualization of time using the vertical axis. In the west, we tend to primarily conceptualize time along a horizontal axis (the past is behind us, the future in front of us, etc.).
Of course, cognitive linguists are not thinking about or discussing astrology, but I am. The point is that the ideas surfacing are applicable to any conceptual system, because according to the embodied cognition model, all conceptual systems are linked to and constrained by their embodied human source. The container image schema and its inferential logic, for example, underlie classical logic and classical taxonomic categorization. In perceptual reality, an entity is observed to be either inside or outside a container, with a well defined boundary separating the two. The concept of the classical category, with its associated ?necessary and sufficient conditions? that determine whether an entity is in this category or that, is a direct reflection of this pervasive perceptual embodied experience. This is as true for Hellenistic Greeks or contemporary westerners.
On the other hand, how do garlic and machine guns both become categorized under the symbol of Mars? Well, there is an answer to that question, and I?m not going to elaborate on it here because I?ve already gone on too long. It doesn?t have anything to do with necessary and sufficient conditions though, which is why those operating within a scientific or conventional logical conceptual framework find the idea absurd, even if it makes complete conceptual sense to an astrologer.
So, to conclude I can say that while it is quite evident to me that astrology is not a science (for reasons I won?t reiterate), this does not preclude the fact that astrological understanding and practice can be enhanced by taking into account insights being generated within science. In my case, what I have found most useful in this regard has been firstly information about the behavior of dynamic systems existing far from equilibrium (i.e. that associated with most life processes). Secondly I have benefited from insights emerging in the cognitive sciences about how the body and perceptual experience influence the generation of concepts, and how these structure the truths and understanding associated with different conceptual systems.