Hi elumen--
Maybe the underlying, foundational question here is, "How do you understand or conceptualize astrology with respect to the human condition?" I do not believe in a fatalistic, deterministic astrology, and I believe that human beings have a lot of choices to make. Also, for a number of reasons, I do not practice horary astrology. So these beliefs condition my responses to your questions.
1. In my life personally, I see astrology as a tool for self-awareness.
At the time that I got into astrology about 20 years ago, I was experiencing a crisis of faith and identity. I knew nothing about astrology beyond my sun-sign, and very little about that. My burning question was, "Why am I on the planet?" in a very personal way. Not me as a subset of humanity, but me as an individual. I realized that religion, psychology, self-help or human potential movements were not going to provide the answers; and I dimly understood that each birth chart was unique. Once I started reading astrology (which was pretty much all modern astrology, back then) I became passionate about it. While recognizing that a lot of what I read was junk, I focused on the early books by Robert Hand and other astrologers who wrote for people with a few brains in their heads and a more sceptical attitude towards paranormal phenomena.
I never did find the answer to my burning question; but actually, in not finding it, I kept exploring astrology further and further. I wouldn't know as much astrology as I do today had I learned why I was on the planet in Year 2 of my search. I was also reading a few charts for people, to good effect.
When I first found out about Internet astrology forums in 2007, I hesitantly began reading charts and offering advice. My batting average isn't perfect, but I think it is acceptable. Then I began to conceptualize astrology as a form of service to other people. Sometimes I respond to "read my chart" requests by people who hope astrology can help them out of a crisis or simply give them another perspective on their life. Sometimes I will participate in more of an educator mode on threads discussing less personal topics. I remain an amateur and have never charged money for readings.
2. Astrology remains helpful to me as a tool for self-awareness, and occasionally for decision-making, like knowing when to retire and where to move. I enjoy feeling useful to other people (P of F in the 6th house, Virgo rising?) so it makes my day if someone says I have been helpful.
BTW, good luck on your dissertation. I am assuming you've cleared this thread with your office for research with human subjects if it is part of your dissertation research. (Hey, I did say Virgo rising, here! With Saturn in Virgo, to boot.

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